The Orto Botanico di Firenze, the "Garden of simples", is a botanical garden kept up by the University of Florence and also known as the Giardino dei Semplici. The nursery was established on December 1, 1545, by Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and is Europe's third oldest, behind the Orto Botanico di Pisa and the Orto Botanico Di Padova. It was first spread out via landscape landscaper Niccolò Pericoli to a plant system and plantings chosen by Luca Ghini, and rose to conspicuousness under Cosimo III, with Pier Antonio Micheli as its chief.